Fig. 3. (a) The AB oscillation (after subtracting smooth background) observed by varying external magnetic fields and gate voltages on the ring. (b) The resis-tance of a superconducting gate (measured between A and B) as a function of external magnetic fields. Inset shows the shape of the superconducting shield gate. The red (gray) trace is measured while ramping up (down) the magnetic fields. There was a noticeable hysteresis due to the remanent magnetization of the magnet and its surroundings. Hence, (a) is measured while ramping up the field.
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