Fig. 1. Characterization of the graphene surfaces subjected to surface modification. (a) SAED image and (b) Raman spectrum of MLG (IG/I2D = 1.989). (c) XPS spectra before (black) and after (red) PDA conjugation. (d) FT-IR spectrum of pristine graphene (black), PDA-conjugated graphene (red), and SAb-immobilized graphene.
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