Fig. 1. (a) Schematic view of X-ray scattering. The wavevectors of the incident and scattered X-rays are and , respectively. In most cases, elastic scattering occurs while keeping the magnitude of the scattering wavevector equal to that of the incidence wave vector, as shown in the inset figure. Momentum transfer of X-rays is defined as = − , and if two wavevectors exist in the x-z plane (scattering plane), = . Actually, is the wavevector transfer since the momentum of photon is defined as , however we can ignore the constant and consider the wavevector transfer as the momentum transfer (as a physical quantity). (b) Scattering angle related to correlated lengths of scatterers such as nano-structures and atomic structures.
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