Many studies have been conducted on thermal plasma synthesis of ceramic nanomaterials by direct current and radio frequency thermal plasma. Furthermore, numerous researchers have attempted to develop processes to commercialize the thermal plasma process for practical applications. These processes can continuously fabricate beneficial high-value ceramic nanomaterials in a high enthalpy environment. In this review, several thermal plasma synthetic processes are described for different plasma sources and precursor types. Current understanding of the formation process of nanomaterials is also explained. In addition, the research trend for ceramic nanomaterials produced by thermal plasma is described and the limitations and challenges are also discussed.

Keywords: Thermal plasma, Synthesis, Nanomaterial, Ceramic, Nanoparticles